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What
is a paragraph?
In Microsoft Word, a
paragraph is a distinct unit of information that has its own formatting
characteristics, such as alignment, spacing, and styles. A paragraph is always
followed by a paragraph mark. The way you format paragraphs in a document
depends on how you intend to use the document and how you want it to look.
Often, you'll format paragraphs differently within the same document. For
example, if you’re writing a term paper, you might create a title page that has
a center-aligned title in its own paragraph, with your name and the date
right-aligned at the bottom of the page in their own paragraphs. The paper's
body paragraphs might be left-aligned, with double line
spacing. Your paper might also contain headers, footers, footnotes,
or endnotes that are formatted as individual paragraphs.
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What
is the paragraph mark for?
When you open a new, blank document and click Show/Hide on the Standardtoolbar, you see
the insertion point followed by a paragraph mark. The paragraph mark contains
all of the formatting for that first paragraph. You can change paragraph
formatting either by selecting the paragraph mark and setting its formatting
attributes before you start typing, or by typing your text, selecting it along
with the paragraph mark, and then changing the text's formatting. When you press ENTER to end one paragraph and
begin another, the resulting new paragraph has the same characteristics as the
previous one. For example, to make all the body paragraphs in your term paper
left-aligned and double-spaced, you only have to set those attributes for the
first paragraph. Pressing ENTER carries the formatting over to the next
paragraph. You can hide or show
paragraph marks and other formatting marks by clicking Show/Hide. Showing paragraph marks helps you see where each
paragraph ends and makes it easier to select the formatting characteristics you
want to change.
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Positioning paragraphs on the page
Several
factors determine a paragraph’s position on the page:
Margins
determine the overall width of the main text area — in other words, the space
between the text and the edge of the page. Set
page marginsIndentation determines the distance of the paragraph
from either the left or right margins. Within margins, you can increase or
decrease the indentation of a paragraph or group of
paragraphs
by using the Increase Indent and Decrease Indent buttons on the Formattingtoolbar.
You can also create a negative indent (also known as an outdent), which pulls
the paragraph out toward the left margin. Indent
paragraphs
Horizontal
alignment determines the appearance and orientation of the edges of the
paragraph: left-aligned, right-aligned, centered, or justified. For example, in a left-aligned paragraph (the
most common alignment), the left edge of the paragraph is flush with the left
margin. Change the horizontal alignment of text
Vertical
alignment determines the paragraph's position relative to the top and bottom
margins. This is useful, for example, when you’re creating a title page,
because you can position text precisely at the top or center of the page, or
justify the paragraphs so that they’re spaced evenly down the page. Change the vertical alignment of text
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Positioning text within a
paragraph
You
can indent a single line in a paragraph to set it off from the rest of the
paragraph. It's common to create a first-line
indent, which moves the first line of a paragraph in by a specified
distance but leaves the rest of the paragraph where it is. You can also create a hanging indent, in which the first
line of the paragraph is not indented, but subsequent lines are. See examples of paragraph indentation.
You
can set the indentation of individual lines by using the horizontal ruler, by using the Indents and
Spacing tab (Format menu, Paragraph command), or by using Click and Type. Learn
about Click and Type.
You
can also indent text by using tab stops.
Tab stops are best used for formatting single lines of text, especially when
you want to set tab stops with leader characters.
Tab stops are not recommended for creating complex elements such as columns or
tables.
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Changing
the vertical space between lines or paragraphs
Line spacingdetermines
the amount of vertical space between lines of text in a paragraph. By default,
lines are single-spaced, meaning that the spacing accommodates the largest font
in that line, plus a small amount of extra space. Learn about line spacing options.
Paragraph
spacing determines the amount of space above or below a paragraph. If you want
to set off a paragraph from other paragraphs on a page, or change the spacing
between multiple paragraphs, you can increase the amount of space before them,
after them, or both.
Once
you set spacing options for lines or paragraphs, the setting becomes part of
the paragraph formatting, and, like other types of paragraph formatting, is
contained in the paragraph mark. So, for example, if you're working in a
double-spaced paragraph, and then press ENTER to start a new paragraph, not
only will the double-space format be applied to the next paragraph; but also to
the blank space between the paragraphs. Adjust
line or paragraph spacing.
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Controlling paragraph
breaks
When
text reaches the end of the page, Word automatically continues it on the next
page. But sometimes you want to keep paragraphs
together, keep lines together,or control
widow and orphan lines on one page. For example, a paragraph might
lose effectiveness if it were broken up, or if only one line of the paragraph
appeared at the beginning of the next page. In those instances, you can select
options in Word that keep paragraph text together.
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More information
I.
View format settings for a paragraph
III.
Add a border to text
IV.
Add shading to a table, a paragraph, or selected text
V.
About formatting text by using styles
